According to the will of Alfred Nobel, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was to be awarded to “the person who shall have made the most important chemical discovery or improvement” (as quoted on the Official Website of the Nobel Prize, nobelprize.org) Each year it is awarded by the Nobel Committee of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences according to this criteria. Each winner receives a Nobel Prize Medal, a Nobel Prize Diploma and a substantial amount of money.
Chemistry Nobel Laureates Between 1906 and 1910
From 1906 through 1910, the following scientists received the Nobel Chemistry Prize:
Ernest Rutherford
- 1906: Henri Moissan
- 1907: Eduard Buchner
- 1908: Ernest Rutherford
- 1909: Wilhelm Ostwald
- 1910: Otto Wallach
Henri Moissan
French Chemist, Henri Moissan, was Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at the Sorbonne University in Paris. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for two important achievements. First he investigated compounds of the halogen element, fluorine, and isolated it for the first time by electrolysis. Second, he designed and developed the electric arc furnace, which was able to reach 3,500 degrees Celsius. He died in February 1907, shortly after receiving the Nobel Prize.
Eduard Buchner
Eduard Buchner was a biochemist who won the Nobel Prize for his research work in biochemistry, and, in particular, for his discovery of non-cellular fermentation, showing that the presence of living yeast cells was not necessary for fermentation. He went on to serve in a front line field hospital during the First World War, where he was injured and died in 1917 from his wounds, at the age of 57.
Ernest Rutherford
New Zealand-born, Ernest Rutherford, worked at Cambridge University, UK, and McGill University, Montreal, Canada in the early years of his career. He was awarded the Chemistry Nobel Prize for his investigation into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances. He invented a detector for electromagnetic radiation and created the disintegration theory that radioactivity is an atomic, not a molecular, phenomenon.
Wilhelm Ostwald
The 1909 Chemistry Nobel Prize was awarded to Wilhelm Ostwald, in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction. He is recognised as one of the founders of classical physical chemistry and he pioneered the development of knowledge in the field of electrochemistry.
Otto Wallach
German organic chemist, Otto Wallach, was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1910. He undertook important pioneer work in alicyclic compounds, alongside Friedrich Kekulé. He systematically analysed a group of chemicals called terpenes, which were important for the developing chemical industry in Europe.
Source:
The Official Website of the Nobel Prize: nobelprize.org
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